The U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops filed an amicus curiae brief with the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of Arizona v. United States.
A federal judge ruled that the terms of a Department of Health and Human Services contract constituted a violation of the First Amendment’s establishment clause.
Cardinal Mahony said the United States as a nation has been sending "two clear messages at the same time: 'no trespassing' and 'help wanted.'"