Books

In light of the present worldwide prestige of the papacy it comes as a shock to realize that less than a century and a quarter ago an anticlerical mob tried to interrupt Pope Pius IX rsquo s funeral procession determined to throw the pope rsquo s corpse into the Tiber And it seems like ancient hi

Cornel West rsquo s Democracy Matters is a fervent heartfelt and angry jeremiad about the current state of American society Democracy the author states at the outset is being or already has been snuffed out in America by three dominating tendencies free market fundamentalism militaristic inte

Cynthia Ozick is a storyteller with an acute sense of the world Her stories are parables and her novels have the precision of Jamesian prose coupled with wit and deep philosophical import Her novel Heir to the Glimmering World renders the lives of refugees and outcasts with humor and empathy and

Philip Zaleski’s new collection of spiritual writing is a veritable United Nations of spirituality, including Christian, Muslim, Jewish, secular and pan-Hindu perspectives. I have been following this excellent annual since it was first published in 1998 by Harper San Francisco, and I am relieved to find it continued as part of Houghton Mifflin’s Best American series. It is not only the aura of world religions that gives this collection its richness and diversity. In making his choices, the editor is helping us to sharpen our understanding of what spiritual writing is.

Take Joseph Epstein’s essay, The Green-Eyed Monster: Envy Is Nothing to Be Jealous Of, which provides a vivid rationale for the virtuous life. Epstein contends, without much reference to religion, that envy simply makes us miserable, while others among the seven deadly sins are rather fun. Epstein elevates only a few human beings above the temptation to envy: Socrates, Jesus, Marcus Aurelius, St. Francis of Assisi and Mother Teresa of Calcutta. The rest of us, he insists, are human enough to be subject to jealous bouts. I daresay those who read this brief reflection where it first ran, in The Washington Monthly, hardly suspected Epstein of being a spiritual writer. But so he is, in Zaleski’s definition and mine. Whatever else it may do, spiritual writing helps us to believe that virtue is possible. Mostly I prefer my spiritual writers with a high charge of theological energy. But for some who might be wary of the religion that so attracts me, Epstein’s essay offers the sort of practical wisdom one finds in the Book of Proverbs: be virtuous because it will make your life work.

By contrast, religion figures strongly in James Fredericks’s essay, Masao Abe: A Spiritual Friendship, which recounts a long friendship between a Buddhist and a Christian. Some years ago, I enjoyed a fine Japanese lunch with my friend and teacher, Masao Abe, the great exponent of Zen Buddhism and leader in the dialogue among Buddhists and Christians. Posing some dilemmas of inter-religious dialogue, this essay also defines and describes spiritual friendship: Friendships that reach across the boundaries of community, doctrine, scripture, asceticism, and liturgy that separate religious believers should rightly be recognized as new opportunities for exploring Christian spirituality. Strangeness between two persons of different cultures and faiths is part of Fredericks’s central interest. For him this strangeness is an aspect of the friendship’s depth. Together the two spiritual friends explore such ideas as emptiness and self-emptying and what such notions mean in their different traditions. But they do not hurry to close the gap or insist that both belief systems are about the same thing.

Grace makes its strongest appearance in The Grace of Aridity and Other Comedies, by Kathleen Norris. With her usual dry wit and keen eye for detail, Norris exposes the underside of grace: If grace is so wonderful, why do we have such difficulty recognizing and accepting it? Maybe it’s because grace is not gentle or made-to-order. It often comes disguised as loss, or failure, or unwelcome change.

Some of the briefest selections are among the most riveting. They are poems. Dan Bellm’s Parable begins, I lit the candles of the Sabbath and covered my eyes… and leads the reader right away into the depths of the heart. On the page opposite, Scott Cairns takes Jerusalem as his central figure in Hidden City:

And now I think Jerusalem abides untouched